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Acronym for Carcinogen, Mutagen (inducing permanent modifications of the number and/or the structure of genetic material) or Toxic for reproduction (causing deformity of sexual organs or impairing sperm quality) substances.
CMRs are listed by the European Union (Regulation N° 1272/2008) and classified in different categories (CMR1, CMR 1A, CMR 1B, CMR2), according to their dangerousness or to what we know of them.
Carcinogen means a substance or a mixture of substances which induce cancer or increase its incidence.
Substances which have induced benign and malignant tumours in experimental animal testing carried out after the rules are also presumed or suspected to be human carcinogens, unless there is a strong evidence that the mechanism of tumour formation is not relevant for humans.
Categoy 1
Known or presumed human carcinogens.
A substance is classified in Category 1 for carcinogenicity on the basis of epidemiological and/or animal data.
Category 1 is divided in sub-categories:
• Categoy 1A
Known to have carcinogenic potential for humans.
This classification is mainly based on data got on the human species.
• Categoy 1B
Presumed to have carcinogenic potential for humans.
The classification is mainly based on animal evidence.
Categoy 2
Suspected as human carcinogens.
Classifying a substance in Category 2 is done on the basis of evidence got after human and/or animal studies that are not convincing enough to classify it in Category 1A or 1B, but have probative force enough along additional data. Such evidence may be derived either from limited evidence of carcinogenicity in human studies or from limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animal studies.
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